安静的栖居

安静的栖居

2007年12月1日星期六

http 状态码

10 Status Code Definitions

Each Status-Code is described below, including a description of which method(s) it can follow and any metainformation required in the response.
10.1 Informational 1xx

This class of status code indicates a provisional response, consisting only of the Status-Line and optional headers, and is terminated by an empty line. There are no required headers for this class of status code. Since HTTP/1.0 did not define any 1xx status codes, servers MUST NOT send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 client except under experimental conditions.

A client MUST be prepared to accept one or more 1xx status responses prior to a regular response, even if the client does not expect a 100 (Continue) status message. Unexpected 1xx status responses MAY be ignored by a user agent.

Proxies MUST forward 1xx responses, unless the connection between the proxy and its client has been closed, or unless the proxy itself requested the generation of the 1xx response. (For example, if a

proxy adds a "Expect: 100-continue" field when it forwards a request, then it need not forward the corresponding 100 (Continue) response(s).)
10.1.1 100 Continue

The client SHOULD continue with its request. This interim response is used to inform the client that the initial part of the request has been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The client SHOULD continue by sending the remainder of the request or, if the request has already been completed, ignore this response. The server MUST send a final response after the request has been completed. See section 8.2.3 for detailed discussion of the use and handling of this status code.
10.1.2 101 Switching Protocols

The server understands and is willing to comply with the client's request, via the Upgrade message header field (section 14.42), for a change in the application protocol being used on this connection. The server will switch protocols to those defined by the response's Upgrade header field immediately after the empty line which terminates the 101 response.

The protocol SHOULD be switched only when it is advantageous to do so. For example, switching to a newer version of HTTP is advantageous over older versions, and switching to a real-time, synchronous protocol might be advantageous when delivering resources that use such features.
10.2 Successful 2xx

This class of status code indicates that the client's request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
10.2.1 200 OK

The request has succeeded. The information returned with the response is dependent on the method used in the request, for example:

GET an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the response;

HEAD the entity-header fields corresponding to the requested resource are sent in the response without any message-body;

POST an entity describing or containing the result of the action;

TRACE an entity containing the request message as received by the end server.
10.2.2 201 Created

The request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created. The newly created resource can be referenced by the URI(s) returned in the entity of the response, with the most specific URI for the resource given by a Location header field. The response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content-Type header field. The origin server MUST create the resource before returning the 201 status code. If the action cannot be carried out immediately, the server SHOULD respond with 202 (Accepted) response instead.

A 201 response MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating the current value of the entity tag for the requested variant just created, see section 14.19.
10.2.3 202 Accepted

The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not eventually be acted upon, as it might be disallowed when processing actually takes place. There is no facility for re-sending a status code from an asynchronous operation such as this.

The 202 response is intentionally non-committal. Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a request for some other process (perhaps a batch-oriented process that is only run once per day) without requiring that the user agent's connection to the server persist until the process is completed. The entity returned with this response SHOULD include an indication of the request's current status and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of when the user can expect the request to be fulfilled.
10.2.4 203 Non-Authoritative Information

The returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from the origin server, but is gathered from a local or a third-party copy. The set presented MAY be a subset or superset of the original version. For example, including local annotation information about the resource might result in a superset of the metainformation known by the origin server. Use of this response code is not required and is only appropriate when the response would otherwise be 200 (OK).
10.2.5 204 No Content

The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want to return updated metainformation. The response MAY include new or updated metainformation in the form of entity-headers, which if present SHOULD be associated with the requested variant.

If the client is a user agent, it SHOULD NOT change its document view from that which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place without causing a change to the user agent's active document view, although any new or updated metainformation SHOULD be applied to the document currently in the user agent's active view.

The 204 response MUST NOT include a message-body, and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.
10.2.6 205 Reset Content

The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent SHOULD reset the document view which caused the request to be sent. This response is primarily intended to allow input for actions to take place via user input, followed by a clearing of the form in which the input is given so that the user can easily initiate another input action. The response MUST NOT include an entity.
10.2.7 206 Partial Content

The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource. The request MUST have included a Range header field (section 14.35) indicating the desired range, and MAY have included an If-Range header field (section 14.27) to make the request conditional.

The response MUST include the following header fields:

- Either a Content-Range header field (section 14.16) indicating
the range included with this response, or a multipart/byteranges
Content-Type including Content-Range fields for each part. If a
Content-Length header field is present in the response, its
value MUST match the actual number of OCTETs transmitted in the
message-body.

- Date

- ETag and/or Content-Location, if the header would have been sent
in a 200 response to the same request

- Expires, Cache-Control, and/or Vary, if the field-value might
differ from that sent in any previous response for the same
variant

If the 206 response is the result of an If-Range request that used a strong cache validator (see section 13.3.3), the response SHOULD NOT include other entity-headers. If the response is the result of an If-Range request that used a weak validator, the response MUST NOT include other entity-headers; this prevents inconsistencies between cached entity-bodies and updated headers. Otherwise, the response MUST include all of the entity-headers that would have been returned with a 200 (OK) response to the same request.

A cache MUST NOT combine a 206 response with other previously cached content if the ETag or Last-Modified headers do not match exactly, see 13.5.4.

A cache that does not support the Range and Content-Range headers MUST NOT cache 206 (Partial) responses.
10.3 Redirection 3xx

This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. The action required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A client SHOULD detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network traffic for each redirection.

Note: previous versions of this specification recommended a
maximum of five redirections. Content developers should be aware
that there might be clients that implement such a fixed
limitation.

10.3.1 300 Multiple Choices

The requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each with its own specific location, and agent- driven negotiation information (section 12) is being provided so that the user (or user agent) can select a preferred representation and redirect its request to that location.

Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of resource characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content- Type header field. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of

the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification does not define any standard for such automatic selection.

If the server has a preferred choice of representation, it SHOULD include the specific URI for that representation in the Location field; user agents MAY use the Location field value for automatic redirection. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.
10.3.2 301 Moved Permanently

The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URI and any future references to this resource SHOULD use one of the returned URIs. Clients with link editing capabilities ought to automatically re-link references to the Request-URI to one or more of the new references returned by the server, where possible. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.

The new permanent URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).

If the 301 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

Note: When automatically redirecting a POST request after
receiving a 301 status code, some existing HTTP/1.0 user agents
will erroneously change it into a GET request.

10.3.3 302 Found

The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection might be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD continue to use the Request-URI for future requests. This response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field.

The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).

If the 302 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.

Note: RFC 1945 and RFC 2068 specify that the client is not allowed
to change the method on the redirected request. However, most
existing user agent implementations treat 302 as if it were a 303
response, performing a GET on the Location field-value regardless
of the original request method. The status codes 303 and 307 have
been added for servers that wish to make unambiguously clear which
kind of reaction is expected of the client.

10.3.4 303 See Other

The response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using a GET method on that resource. This method exists primarily to allow the output of a POST-activated script to redirect the user agent to a selected resource. The new URI is not a substitute reference for the originally requested resource. The 303 response MUST NOT be cached, but the response to the second (redirected) request might be cacheable.

The different URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s).

Note: Many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not understand the 303
status. When interoperability with such clients is a concern, the
302 status code may be used instead, since most user agents react
to a 302 response as described here for 303.

10.3.5 304 Not Modified

If the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document has not been modified, the server SHOULD respond with this status code. The 304 response MUST NOT contain a message-body, and thus is always terminated by the first empty line after the header fields.

The response MUST include the following header fields:

- Date, unless its omission is required by section 14.18.1

If a clockless origin server obeys these rules, and proxies and clients add their own Date to any response received without one (as already specified by [RFC 2068], section 14.19), caches will operate correctly.

- ETag and/or Content-Location, if the header would have been sent
in a 200 response to the same request

- Expires, Cache-Control, and/or Vary, if the field-value might
differ from that sent in any previous response for the same
variant

If the conditional GET used a strong cache validator (see section 13.3.3), the response SHOULD NOT include other entity-headers. Otherwise (i.e., the conditional GET used a weak validator), the response MUST NOT include other entity-headers; this prevents inconsistencies between cached entity-bodies and updated headers.

If a 304 response indicates an entity not currently cached, then the cache MUST disregard the response and repeat the request without the conditional.

If a cache uses a received 304 response to update a cache entry, the cache MUST update the entry to reflect any new field values given in the response.
10.3.6 305 Use Proxy

The requested resource MUST be accessed through the proxy given by the Location field. The Location field gives the URI of the proxy. The recipient is expected to repeat this single request via the proxy. 305 responses MUST only be generated by origin servers.

Note: RFC 2068 was not clear that 305 was intended to redirect a
single request, and to be generated by origin servers only. Not
observing these limitations has significant security consequences.

10.3.7 306 (Unused)

The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the specification, is no longer used, and the code is reserved.
10.3.8 307 Temporary Redirect

The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection MAY be altered on occasion, the client SHOULD continue to use the Request-URI for future requests. This response is only cacheable if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field.

The temporary URI SHOULD be given by the Location field in the response. Unless the request method was HEAD, the entity of the response SHOULD contain a short hypertext note with a hyperlink to the new URI(s) , since many pre-HTTP/1.1 user agents do not understand the 307 status. Therefore, the note SHOULD contain the information necessary for a user to repeat the original request on the new URI.

If the 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agent MUST NOT automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this might change the conditions under which the request was issued.
10.4 Client Error 4xx

The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user.

If the client is sending data, a server implementation using TCP SHOULD be careful to ensure that the client acknowledges receipt of the packet(s) containing the response, before the server closes the input connection. If the client continues sending data to the server after the close, the server's TCP stack will send a reset packet to the client, which may erase the client's unacknowledged input buffers before they can be read and interpreted by the HTTP application.
10.4.1 400 Bad Request

The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed syntax. The client SHOULD NOT repeat the request without modifications.
10.4.2 401 Unauthorized

The request requires user authentication. The response MUST include a WWW-Authenticate header field (section 14.47) containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Authorization header field (section 14.8). If the request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least once, then the user SHOULD be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that entity might include relevant diagnostic information. HTTP access authentication is explained in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication" [43].
10.4.3 402 Payment Required

This code is reserved for future use.
10.4.4 403 Forbidden

The server understood the request, but is refusing to fulfill it. Authorization will not help and the request SHOULD NOT be repeated. If the request method was not HEAD and the server wishes to make public why the request has not been fulfilled, it SHOULD describe the reason for the refusal in the entity. If the server does not wish to make this information available to the client, the status code 404 (Not Found) can be used instead.
10.4.5 404 Not Found

The server has not found anything matching the Request-URI. No indication is given of whether the condition is temporary or permanent. The 410 (Gone) status code SHOULD be used if the server knows, through some internally configurable mechanism, that an old resource is permanently unavailable and has no forwarding address. This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other response is applicable.
10.4.6 405 Method Not Allowed

The method specified in the Request-Line is not allowed for the resource identified by the Request-URI. The response MUST include an Allow header containing a list of valid methods for the requested resource.
10.4.7 406 Not Acceptable

The resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request.

Unless it was a HEAD request, the response SHOULD include an entity containing a list of available entity characteristics and location(s) from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. The entity format is specified by the media type given in the Content-Type header field. Depending upon the format and the capabilities of the user agent, selection of the most appropriate choice MAY be performed automatically. However, this specification does not define any standard for such automatic selection.

Note: HTTP/1.1 servers are allowed to return responses which are
not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the
request. In some cases, this may even be preferable to sending a
406 response. User agents are encouraged to inspect the headers of
an incoming response to determine if it is acceptable.

If the response could be unacceptable, a user agent SHOULD temporarily stop receipt of more data and query the user for a decision on further actions.
10.4.8 407 Proxy Authentication Required

This code is similar to 401 (Unauthorized), but indicates that the client must first authenticate itself with the proxy. The proxy MUST return a Proxy-Authenticate header field (section 14.33) containing a challenge applicable to the proxy for the requested resource. The client MAY repeat the request with a suitable Proxy-Authorization header field (section 14.34). HTTP access authentication is explained in "HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication" [43].
10.4.9 408 Request Timeout

The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.
10.4.10 409 Conflict

The request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the resource. This code is only allowed in situations where it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict and resubmit the request. The response body SHOULD include enough

information for the user to recognize the source of the conflict. Ideally, the response entity would include enough information for the user or user agent to fix the problem; however, that might not be possible and is not required.

Conflicts are most likely to occur in response to a PUT request. For example, if versioning were being used and the entity being PUT included changes to a resource which conflict with those made by an earlier (third-party) request, the server might use the 409 response to indicate that it can't complete the request. In this case, the response entity would likely contain a list of the differences between the two versions in a format defined by the response Content-Type.
10.4.11 410 Gone

The requested resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is known. This condition is expected to be considered permanent. Clients with link editing capabilities SHOULD delete references to the Request-URI after user approval. If the server does not know, or has no facility to determine, whether or not the condition is permanent, the status code 404 (Not Found) SHOULD be used instead. This response is cacheable unless indicated otherwise.

The 410 response is primarily intended to assist the task of web maintenance by notifying the recipient that the resource is intentionally unavailable and that the server owners desire that remote links to that resource be removed. Such an event is common for limited-time, promotional services and for resources belonging to individuals no longer working at the server's site. It is not necessary to mark all permanently unavailable resources as "gone" or to keep the mark for any length of time -- that is left to the discretion of the server owner.
10.4.12 411 Length Required

The server refuses to accept the request without a defined Content- Length. The client MAY repeat the request if it adds a valid Content-Length header field containing the length of the message-body in the request message.
10.4.13 412 Precondition Failed

The precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to false when it was tested on the server. This response code allows the client to place preconditions on the current resource metainformation (header field data) and thus prevent the requested method from being applied to a resource other than the one intended.
10.4.14 413 Request Entity Too Large

The server is refusing to process a request because the request entity is larger than the server is willing or able to process. The server MAY close the connection to prevent the client from continuing the request.

If the condition is temporary, the server SHOULD include a Retry- After header field to indicate that it is temporary and after what time the client MAY try again.
10.4.15 414 Request-URI Too Long

The server is refusing to service the request because the Request-URI is longer than the server is willing to interpret. This rare condition is only likely to occur when a client has improperly converted a POST request to a GET request with long query information, when the client has descended into a URI "black hole" of redirection (e.g., a redirected URI prefix that points to a suffix of itself), or when the server is under attack by a client attempting to exploit security holes present in some servers using fixed-length buffers for reading or manipulating the Request-URI.
10.4.16 415 Unsupported Media Type

The server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.
10.4.17 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable

A server SHOULD return a response with this status code if a request included a Range request-header field (section 14.35), and none of the range-specifier values in this field overlap the current extent of the selected resource, and the request did not include an If-Range request-header field. (For byte-ranges, this means that the first- byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values were greater than the current length of the selected resource.)

When this status code is returned for a byte-range request, the response SHOULD include a Content-Range entity-header field specifying the current length of the selected resource (see section 14.16). This response MUST NOT use the multipart/byteranges content- type.
10.4.18 417 Expectation Failed

The expectation given in an Expect request-header field (see section 14.20) could not be met by this server, or, if the server is a proxy, the server has unambiguous evidence that the request could not be met by the next-hop server.
10.5 Server Error 5xx

Response status codes beginning with the digit "5" indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has erred or is incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server SHOULD include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. User agents SHOULD display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.
10.5.1 500 Internal Server Error

The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it from fulfilling the request.
10.5.2 501 Not Implemented

The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request. This is the appropriate response when the server does not recognize the request method and is not capable of supporting it for any resource.
10.5.3 502 Bad Gateway

The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, received an invalid response from the upstream server it accessed in attempting to fulfill the request.
10.5.4 503 Service Unavailable

The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or maintenance of the server. The implication is that this is a temporary condition which will be alleviated after some delay. If known, the length of the delay MAY be indicated in a Retry-After header. If no Retry-After is given, the client SHOULD handle the response as it would for a 500 response.

Note: The existence of the 503 status code does not imply that a
server must use it when becoming overloaded. Some servers may wish
to simply refuse the connection.

10.5.5 504 Gateway Timeout

The server, while acting as a gateway or proxy, did not receive a timely response from the upstream server specified by the URI (e.g. HTTP, FTP, LDAP) or some other auxiliary server (e.g. DNS) it needed to access in attempting to complete the request.

Note: Note to implementors: some deployed proxies are known to
return 400 or 500 when DNS lookups time out.

10.5.6 505 HTTP Version Not Supported

The server does not support, or refuses to support, the HTTP protocol version that was used in the request message. The server is indicating that it is unable or unwilling to complete the request using the same major version as the client, as described in section 3.1, other than with this error message. The response SHOULD contain an entity describing why that version is not supported and what other protocols are supported by that server.

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2007年11月30日星期五

文泉译安装说明

==========================================================
文泉驿点阵宋体
安装指南

==========================================================

目录

== PCF/BDF格式字体的安装方法 ==
1.下载
2.解压缩
3.移动 (可选项)
4.设置字体路径
5.测试
6.作为普通用户安装
7.在您的系统上面打开中文支持
== TTF格式字体的安装方法 ==
== RPM安装包的安装方法 ==
== 其他问题 ==


注:(对于使用Debian以及基于Debian的Linux发行版的用户,请参照本文最后的“其它问题”)



文泉驿点阵宋体(中等,粗体)被打包成三种等价的格式:BDF(Bitmap Distribution
Format),PCF (Portable Compiled Format)和TTF(True-Type)。这几种格式都被
大多数X窗口系统所支持,您可以选择任意的一种安装。


== PCF/BDF格式字体的安装方法 ==

1.下载

您首先需要从下面的我们在sourceforge站点地址下载安装包,下载页面为:

http://sf.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=128192&package_id=156288

选择最新发布的版本和您所想要的格式,然后把您的安装包保存到一个临时的目录,比如
/tmp

2.解压缩

下载的包一般是用tar和gzip所压缩的,使用下面的命令来解压缩

tar zxvf wqy-bitmapfont*.tar.gz

或者

gunzip wqy-bitmapfont*.tar.gz
tar xvf wqy-bitmapfont*.tar


3.移动 (可选项)

所有的文件都将被解压缩到目录一个叫作wqy-bitmapfont的子目录,
您可以把把这个目录移动到您想安装字体的目录,一个比较好的建议是
/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont

为了移动目录,您需要使用"su"或者"sudo"来获取root权限。(如果您
没有root权限,请查看下面的第六小节)

4.设置字体路径

现在您需要告诉X窗口系统去找所安装的字体,假设您把字体安装到了这个目录
/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont/
您需要运行如下的命令:
su
cd /usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont/
rm fonts.dir fonts.scale fc-cache.*
mkfontdir .
cp fonts.dir fonts.scale
xset +fp /usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont/

最后一个命令是把字体目录添加到X窗口字体路径列表。为了永久性的
添加这个目录,您需要把下面一行

"/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont,"

添加到/etc/X11/fs/config这个文件中,添加的位置是
"catalogue =/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"这一行的下面。

如果您的系统中没有这个文件,您可能需要通过修改/etc/X11/xorg.conf
或者/etc/X11/XF86Config-4来添加这个目录

......
Section "Files"
......
FontPath "unix/:7100"
......
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont"
EndSection
......

至此,您已经完成了对X核心字体的配置工作。大多数不太老
的Linux图形程序都支持fontconfig。为了让fontconfig使用这个
点阵字体,您需要将

/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont/

添加到/etc/fonts/fonts.conf或者~/.fonts.conf中(在之前),
如果您的字体直接安装在了/usr/share/fonts/目录下,这一步可以省略。

在这个版本,我们提供了为文泉驿点阵宋体专门优化使用的fontconfig
配置文件,该文件名为"85-wqy-bitmapsong.conf"。如果你的系统中有
/etc/fonts/conf/这个目录,则把这个文件直接拷贝到这个目录下应该
自动完成安装,否则,您需要把下面一行

/usr/share/fonts/wenquanyi/wqy-bitmapfont/85-wqy-bitmapsong.conf

粘贴在/etc/fonts/fonts.conf中的合适的位置中。如果你的系统中
使用了fontconfig 2.4.x,您也可以把这个文件拷贝到~/.fontconfig/

现在重新启动一下您的X窗口,您应该可以在字体选择框中看到文泉驿
点阵宋体的名字了。


5.测试

为了检测字体是否成功安装,可以使用下面的命令

xlsfonts | grep wenquanyi

您将会看到类似下面的输出:(除此之外还有gb2312/big5等后缀的字体名称)
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-bold-r-normal--0-0-75-75-p-0-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-bold-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-bold-r-normal--13-130-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-bold-r-normal--15-150-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-bold-r-normal--16-160-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--0-0-75-75-p-0-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--13-130-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--15-150-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
-wenquanyi-wenquanyi bitmap song-medium-r-normal--16-160-75-75-p-80-iso10646-1
...

如果是fontconfig,您需要检查

fc-list | grep 'WenQuanYi'

应该能看到两行输出,类似如下:
WenQuanYi Bitmap Song:style=Bold
WenQuanYi Bitmap Song:style=Regular

字体成功安装之后您就可以在KDE或者GNOME的字体选择对话框中选择
使用文泉驿点阵宋体。


6.作为普通用户安装

如果您没有root用户权限,比如,您使用的是公共的机器,那么安装这个字体也是
同样的简单。如果您使用的是KDE,在菜单上面找到“控制中心”,选择“系统管理”,
然后点击“安装字体”,在面板上点击右键,选择“添加字体”,然后选择字体文件
(bdf/pcf)。

如果您使用的是Gnome环境,双击“我的电脑”,在地址栏输入"fonts:/"然后回车,然后
再打开另外一个文件浏览器,找到字体文件(bdf/pcf.gz),把字体拖到文件夹fonts:/
或者使用复制粘贴。

如果您没有启动图形界面,您也可以直接把字体文件解压缩到~/.fonts目录(如果没有这
个目录,就创建一个)。


7.在您的系统上面打开中文支持

有了中文字体,您的系统正确处理中文信息还需要有正确的中文编码和区域设置。
这些通常可以通过安装一些语言包来实现,比如sudo apt-get install kde-i18n-Chinese*
如果您已经安装了这些语言包,您还需要设置一些环境变量。您可以把

LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8

写到~/.i18n文件中(如果这个文件不存在,您可以使用touch ~/.i18n来创建它),
然后重新启动您的系统(您也可以使用"ls -d /usr/lib/locale/zh_*"
这个命令所输出的其它的locales)。

为了在终端显示中文信息,可以使用"LC_CTYPE"替换"LC_ALL"。如果您希望所有的菜单都
使用中文,在KDE环境下面,找到”控制中心“,展开"Region and Assistance",找到
“国家/地区 和语言,在”添加语言里面选择“中国”;如果您使用的是Gnome环境,您需要
在“选项”里面选择“语言”,然后添加“中国”。然后如果需要的话重新启动您的图形界面
来使用这些设置。


== TTF格式字体的安装方法 ==

TTF格式的字体可能不是很容易安装。这个字体采用了一种比较特殊的TTF格式,即SFNT TTF
格式。这种字体中只有点阵部分,而没有矢量部分。幸运的是,FreeType2支持这种格式;
不幸的是,很多字体设置的工具却不能正确识别这种字体中的信息,比如ttfmkdir和
fc-cache。我们在您下载的TTF安装包里面已经包含了手工编辑的字体设置文件,即
fonts.dir/fonts.scale/fonts.cache-1。您通过如前所述的方法设置好字体路径
之后,如果你使用fc-cache -fv等命令之后,这些手工书写的文件将会被错误信息覆盖。
您所需要作的是进入字体安装的目录,然后解压一个叫作font.config.tar.gz的文件,
这样将会将恢复曾经备份过的字体信息。有时候您在解压之后,可能还需要touch *一下,
并重新启动X窗口。

== RPM安装包的安装方法 ==

如果您使用的是Redhat/Fedora Core等发行版,那么您可以直接使用RPM包
进行安装,安装方法非常简单,只用一个命令:

sudo rpm -Uvh wqy-bitmapfont*noarch.rpm

重新启动X窗口之后,您就应该可以找到新安装的字体了。


== 其他问题 ==

由于debian 3.1(sarge)及其更新版本在默认的情况下不使用纯粹的点阵字体,
如果您是debian用户,请您将I.4小节中提到的85-wqy-bitmapsong.conf文件
拷贝到/etc/fonts/conf中,并重新启动X即可。

==========================================================

2007年9月3日星期一

subversion 的设置

弄了2天。终于弄好了。下面是关于svn的设置。

1.装载apache。现在比较流行的apache版本系列为2.0.x和2.2.x两个版本。
现下载安装上。

2.装载subversion。官网地址为http://subversion.tigris.org/

在url:http://subversion.tigris.org/project_packages.html 可以下到多个版本的svn。

我用的是apache 2.2.4 所以安装的是Win32 packages built against Apache 2.2 版本。

如果装的是apache 2.2.x版本。就要安装apache2.0版本的subversion。

3.可以下源代码版本。然后解压到一个目录下。

编辑apache的配置文件:httpd.conf。加下如下两行:
LoadModule dav_svn_module "E:/svn/Subversion/bin/mod_dav_svn.so"
LoadModule authz_svn_module "E:/svn/Subversion/bin/mod_authz_svn.so"

我这里用的是绝对路径,呵呵,不知道为什么用相对路径总是不对。等以后有时间了在考虑下。可能跟权限有关系。

4. 对于基于apache的subversion。如果是在本机进行实验的话。需要加一个location的。

DAV svn
#SVNParentPath D:\svn
SVNPath D:\svn
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repositories"
AuthUserFile D:\passwd
Require valid-user



对于svnparentpath和svnpath等下星期好好研究下。

在svn下面建立一个版本库。d:\svn下面可以建立多个版本的文件库。比如我建立的了一个proj1。建立文件夹proj1下面的版本库bdb。

5.重启apache。我是在本机上,输入http://localhost/svn/proj1/ 就可以了。


参考的url:

1. svn的网上配置:
http://www.blogjava.net/zqli/archive/2006/08/26/65893.html

2.apache参考:
http://lamp.linux.gov.cn/Apache/ApacheMenu/mod/core.html#location

2007年8月27日星期一

gaim的安装

安装了2天,终于安装上了。直接使用的yum install pidgin就可以了。爽。

2007年8月26日星期日

忘不了

忘不了的是你,一辈子都对不起的你。

忘不了你对我的好。忘不了,忘不了我对你的怀。